Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) is one of the most important indicators of the health status of women and the effectiveness of a country's healthcare system. It refers to the number of maternal deaths during pregnancy, childbirth, or within 42 days after the termination of pregnancy, irrespective of the duration and site of the pregnancy, from causes related to or aggravated by the pregnancy or its management, but not from accidental or incidental causes. It is expressed as the number of maternal deaths per 100,000 live births in a given year. MMR reflects the quality of maternal healthcare services, accessibility to medical facilities, nutritional status of women, and the overall socio-economic development of a nation. Maternal mortality occurs due to both direct and indirect causes. Direct causes include severe bleeding after childbirth, infections, high blood pressure disorders such as pre-eclampsia and eclampsia, obstructed labor, and complications arising from unsafe abortions. Indirect causes include anemia, malaria, heart disease, diabetes, and other existing medical conditions that become worse during pregnancy. Many maternal deaths are preventable through timely medical intervention and proper healthcare services. MMR is considered a significant social development indicator because maternal health is closely linked to women's education, nutrition, economic status, gender equality, and access to healthcare. A high MMR often indicates poor health infrastructure, inadequate emergency obstetric care, lack of skilled birth attendants, poverty, and social discrimination. Therefore, reducing