Government entities engaged in social policy and administration play a vital role in promoting social welfare, reducing inequalities, protecting vulnerable groups, and ensuring social justice. They formulate policies, implement welfare programmes, coordinate services, regulate institutions, and assess the impact of social interventions. Their functions operate at different levels of government, including central, state, and local levels. One major function is the formulation of social policies. Government institutions identify social problems such as poverty, unemployment, illiteracy, discrimination, poor health, homelessness, and social exclusion. On the basis of research, surveys, demographic information, and public needs, they develop policies and programmes to address these problems. Social policies may focus on education, health, housing, employment, food security, social security, child welfare, women’s empowerment, and the welfare of disadvantaged communities. Another important function is planning and programme development. Government agencies translate broad social policy objectives into specific schemes and programmes. They determine priorities, allocate resources, establish targets, and develop strategies for implementation. Planning also involves estimating the financial, human, and institutional resources required to provide social services effectively. Implementation of welfare programmes is a central administrative responsibility. Government departments and agencies ensure that approved policies reach the intended beneficiaries. They administer programmes relating