Human problems in Ethiopia arise from a combination of historical, economic, political, social, environmental, and cultural factors. These factors often interact with one another, creating complex challenges that affect individuals, families, communities, and the nation as a whole. From a social work perspective in the African context, understanding these causes is essential for designing effective interventions that promote social justice, human rights, community empowerment, and sustainable development. Poverty is one of the most significant causes of human problems in Ethiopia. A large proportion of the population depends on subsistence agriculture, which is highly vulnerable to environmental changes. Limited employment opportunities, low household incomes, inadequate infrastructure, and unequal access to productive resources contribute to persistent poverty. Poverty leads to food insecurity, poor housing, limited educational opportunities, poor health outcomes, and social exclusion, making it difficult for individuals and families to improve their quality of life. Unemployment and underemployment also contribute significantly to human problems. Rapid population growth, especially among young people, has increased pressure on the labor market. Many educated youths struggle to find meaningful employment, resulting in frustration, migration, dependency, and increased vulnerability to crime and substance abuse. Social workers often assist unemployed individuals by