Social welfare programmes in Ethiopia have evolved through the combined efforts of the government, local communities, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), faith-based organizations, and international development partners. These programmes are designed to address poverty, food insecurity, unemployment, health challenges, child protection, gender inequality, disability, and the needs of vulnerable populations. In the African context, Ethiopian social welfare emphasizes community participation, social solidarity, and sustainable development while responding to recurring challenges such as drought, conflict, displacement, and economic inequality. One of the most significant social welfare initiatives in Ethiopia is the Productive Safety Net Programme (PSNP). Introduced in 2005, the programme aims to reduce chronic food insecurity by providing cash or food transfers to poor households. Beneficiaries who are able to work participate in public works such as road construction, soil conservation, irrigation development, and environmental rehabilitation. Those unable to work, including elderly persons, people with disabilities, and pregnant women, receive direct support. The programme seeks not only to meet immediate needs but also to build resilience and reduce long-term dependence on emergency aid. The government