Social movements are organized collective efforts by groups of people who seek to bring about or resist social, political, economic, cultural, or environmental change. In the African context, social movements have played a crucial role in promoting social justice, protecting human rights, challenging inequality, and empowering marginalized communities. Social work closely aligns with these movements because both aim to improve the well-being of individuals and communities while addressing structural causes of poverty, discrimination, and exclusion. The history of social movements in Africa reflects the continent's struggle against colonialism, apartheid, dictatorship, gender inequality, and economic injustice. Anti-colonial movements across countries such as Ghana, Kenya, Algeria, Zimbabwe, and Mozambique mobilized people to demand self-rule and national independence. The anti-apartheid movement in South Africa became one of the world's most significant social movements, advocating racial equality, democracy, and human dignity. These struggles demonstrated the power of collective