Productive and reproductive work are two fundamental concepts used in gender studies to understand the different types of labour performed by individuals and their contribution to society and the economy. The distinction between these forms of work helps explain gender inequalities in employment, income, status, and access to resources. Historically, productive work has been valued more highly than reproductive work, even though both are essential for the functioning of households, communities, and national economies. Productive work refers to activities that produce goods and services for the market or generate income. It includes paid employment, self-employment, farming, industrial labour, business activities, and professional services. Productive work contributes directly to economic growth and is generally recognized in national income accounting systems such as the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Both men and women participate in productive work, but women often face unequal opportunities, lower wages, occupational segregation, and barriers to career advancement. Women are frequently concentrated in low-paid, insecure, or informal sector jobs, limiting their economic independence. Reproductive work refers to activities involved in maintaining and reproducing the labour force and ensuring the well-being of family members. It includes childbearing, childcare, cooking, cleaning, washing, collecting water and fuel, caring for the elderly, nursing the sick, and managing household responsibilities. Most reproductive work is unpaid and carried out within households. Since it does not involve direct monetary exchange, it is