Work and employment are closely related concepts but differ in their meaning, scope, and recognition in economic and social contexts. Work refers to any productive activity performed by individuals that contributes to the well-being of society, whether or not it receives monetary compensation. It includes both paid and unpaid activities such as household chores, caregiving, community services, and subsistence activities. Employment, on the other hand, refers specifically to work that is performed in exchange for wages, salaries, or other forms of economic remuneration. Employment is generally recognized within formal economic systems and is measured through labour market indicators, while many forms of work remain invisible and undervalued. The distinction between work and employment is particularly significant from a gender perspective. Women’s contributions are often concentrated in unpaid work, which is essential for the functioning of households and communities but is rarely recognized as productive labour. Employment is usually associated with economic independence, social security, and legal protection, whereas unpaid work often lacks financial rewards, recognition, and decision-making power. This difference creates inequalities between men and women in terms of income, status, and opportunities. Gender segregation of labour in unpaid work refers to the unequal distribution of unpaid tasks between men and