Information processing is a central concept in cognitive psychology that explains how human beings receive, interpret, store, and retrieve information. The information processing approach compares the human mind to a computer, emphasizing that cognition involves a sequence of organized mental operations. Rather than responding passively to stimuli, individuals actively process information through attention, perception, memory, and thinking. This approach has contributed significantly to the understanding of learning and memory by explaining the mechanisms through which information is transformed into knowledge. One of the fundamental principles of information processing is that information passes through a series of stages. Environmental stimuli first enter the sensory memory, where they are briefly retained. Sensory memory has a large capacity but a very short duration. Information that receives attention moves into short-term or working memory, where it is consciously processed. Through rehearsal, organization, and meaningful encoding, information is transferred to long-term memory for permanent storage. Retrieval processes allow stored information to be accessed whenever needed. Attention is another important principle. Since individuals are constantly exposed to vast amounts of sensory information, only a limited portion can be processed further. Selective attention enables people to focus on relevant stimuli while ignoring distractions. Factors such as interest, motivation, novelty, and emotional significance influence the allocation of attention. Effective attention improves learning by ensuring that important