Functional fixedness is a cognitive bias that limits an individual’s ability to perceive the multiple uses or functions of an object beyond its traditional or familiar purpose. It refers to the tendency to view objects, ideas, or situations in terms of their usual functions, which can restrict creative thinking and problem-solving. In cognitive psychology, functional fixedness is considered an important barrier to flexible thinking and is closely related to processes involved in perception, memory, and problem-solving. The concept of functional fixedness was introduced by Karl Duncker through his research on problem-solving. Duncker demonstrated this phenomenon through his famous candle problem experiment. In this experiment, participants were given a candle, a box of tacks, and matches, and they were asked to attach the candle to a wall in a way that prevented wax from dripping. Many participants failed to realize that the box containing the tacks could be used as a candle holder. Their difficulty occurred because they viewed the box only as a container for tacks rather than as an object with another possible function. This experiment showed how previous experiences and