Problem solving is a fundamental cognitive process through which individuals identify, analyze, and resolve challenges by applying knowledge, reasoning, and decision-making skills. In cognitive psychology, problem solving involves understanding the nature of a problem, generating possible solutions, selecting the most appropriate strategy, implementing it, and evaluating the outcome. Effective problem solving depends on attention, memory, perception, intelligence, creativity, and previous experiences. Researchers have identified several strategies and techniques that help individuals solve problems efficiently. One of the most common strategies is the trial-and-error method. In this approach, a person attempts different possible solutions until the correct one is found. It is particularly useful when the number of alternatives is limited or when no prior knowledge exists about the solution. Although it may be time-consuming, trial and error often leads to learning through experience. For example, a child learning to unlock a puzzle box may try different combinations until the correct one is discovered. The algorithmic strategy involves following a systematic, step-by-step procedure that guarantees the correct solution if applied properly. Algorithms are commonly used in mathematics, computer programming, and logical reasoning tasks. While they ensure accuracy, algorithms may require considerable time and cognitive effort, especially for complex problems. Another widely used approach is the heuristic strategy. Heuristics are mental shortcuts or rules of thumb that simplify problem