Learning and memory are fundamental cognitive processes that enable organisms to acquire, store, and retrieve information. At the cellular level, these processes are based on changes in the structure and function of neurons and their connections, known as synapses. The brain encodes experiences by modifying the strength of communication between neurons, a property referred to as synaptic plasticity. This plasticity forms the biological foundation of learning and memory. The neuron is the basic functional unit of the nervous system. Neurons communicate with one another through specialized junctions called synapses. When an electrical impulse, or action potential, reaches the terminal of a presynaptic neuron, it triggers the release of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. These neurotransmitters bind to receptors on the postsynaptic neuron, influencing its activity. Repeated patterns of neural activity can strengthen or weaken these synaptic connections, thereby encoding new information. One of the most significant cellular mechanisms underlying learning and memory is long-term potentiation (LTP). LTP refers to a long-lasting increase in synaptic strength following repeated or high-frequency stimulation of a synapse. It is especially prominent in the hippocampus, a brain region essential for the formation of new declarative memories. During LTP, glutamate, the primary excitatory neurotransmitter, activates AMPA and NMDA