Metamorphic rocks are rocks that have undergone physical and chemical changes due to the combined effects of high temperature, high pressure, and chemically active fluids beneath the Earth's surface. These rocks are formed when pre-existing igneous or sedimentary rocks are subjected to conditions different from those under which they originally formed. The process of transformation is known as metamorphism. During this process, the mineral composition, texture, and structure of the parent rock change without the rock melting completely. If melting occurs, the rock becomes magma and later forms igneous rocks. Heat is one of the primary agents of metamorphism. The heat required for metamorphism originates from the Earth's internal energy, nearby magma intrusions, or geothermal gradients. Increased temperature causes minerals within the rock to recrystallize, producing new mineral assemblages that are stable under the new conditions. Pressure is another significant factor and may result from the weight of overlying rocks, tectonic movements, or mountain-building processes. High pressure compresses minerals, changes their orientation, and creates characteristic foliated textures in many metamorphic rocks. Chemically active fluids such as hot water containing dissolved ions also contribute to metamorphism. These fluids facilitate chemical reactions between minerals, promote recrystallization, and transport elements into or out of the rock. This process, known as metasomatism, can significantly alter the chemical composition of rocks. Metamorphism is broadly