Gender identities are socially and culturally constructed through a continuous process of interaction between biological characteristics, social institutions, cultural norms, and individual experiences. While sex refers to biological differences between males and females, gender refers to the socially defined roles, behaviours, expectations, and identities associated with masculinity, femininity, and other gender expressions. Society assigns meanings to biological differences, thereby creating gender identities that vary across time, cultures, and historical contexts. The process of gender identity construction begins with socialization. From birth, children are categorized as male or female and are exposed to gender-specific expectations. Families play a crucial role by encouraging different forms of behaviour, clothing, toys, and emotional expression for boys and girls. Boys are often encouraged to be assertive, independent, and competitive, whereas girls are expected to be nurturing, obedient, and caring. These repeated interactions shape children's understanding of appropriate gender behaviour. Educational institutions further reinforce gender identities through formal and hidden curricula. Textbooks may depict stereotypical occupational roles, while teachers may unconsciously encourage boys toward science and leadership and girls toward caregiving or humanities. Peer groups also regulate gender norms by rewarding conformity and discouraging behaviour that deviates from accepted standards through praise, ridicule, or exclusion. The media is another powerful agent in constructing gender identities. Television, films, advertisements, social media, and digital platforms portray idealized images