Social stratification refers to the structured ranking of individuals and groups in society based on unequal access to resources, opportunities, power, and prestige. Among the various forms of social stratification, class occupies a central position in modern societies. Unlike caste, which is determined by birth and is generally rigid, class is based primarily on economic position, occupation, education, income, and lifestyle. It is an open system that allows individuals to improve or decline in their social position through achievement, making it a defining feature of industrial and post-industrial societies. The concept of class has been explained by several sociologists. Karl Marx viewed class as fundamentally rooted in the ownership of the means of production. He argued that capitalist society is divided mainly into two antagonistic classes: the bourgeoisie, who own productive resources, and the proletariat, who sell their labour for wages. According to Marx, the relationship between these classes is characterized by exploitation, conflict, and inequality. He believed that class struggle is the driving force behind