Protein mining, often referred to as protein discovery or proteome mining, is a systematic approach used to identify, isolate, and characterize proteins from complex biological samples. The strategy begins with the extraction of proteins from cells, tissues, or bodily fluids, maintaining conditions that preserve their native structure and function. The extracted protein mixture is then subjected to fractionation techniques to reduce complexity, often based on properties such as size, charge, hydrophobicity, or solubility. This pre-fractionation is critical because proteomes are highly complex, with thousands of proteins present at vastly different abundances, and isolating low-abundance proteins requires effective separation of the highly abundant ones. Once fractionated, the next step involves identification and characterization using analytical and bioinformatics tools. Mass spectrometry (MS) is a cornerstone in protein mining, allowing precise determination of protein mass, sequence, and post-translational modifications. In tandem with MS, techniques like two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2D-GE) separate proteins by their isoelectric point and molecular weight, producing a protein map