Gender is a fundamental social determinant of health that influences the distribution of health outcomes, access to healthcare, exposure to risk factors, and health-seeking behavior across populations. It encompasses socially constructed roles, behaviors, and norms associated with being male, female, or other gender identities, and these norms shape health experiences throughout the life course. In public health and epidemiology, understanding gender differences is crucial for identifying disparities and designing effective interventions. Biologically, sex differences contribute to variations in disease susceptibility and outcomes. For instance, women are more prone to conditions such as osteoporosis and autoimmune diseases, while men have higher rates of cardiovascular diseases at earlier ages. However, beyond biological differences, gender roles significantly affect health. Women often experience limited autonomy in decision-making, restricted access to education and economic resources, and increased exposure to gender-based violence, all of which negatively impact their physical and mental health. Maternal health issues, including complications during pregnancy and childbirth, remain major public health concerns, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Men, on the other hand, are often socialized to engage in risk-taking behaviors such as smoking, alcohol consumption, and unsafe driving, leading to