Identity is not only a social and cultural construct but also a spatial phenomenon shaped by the interaction between people and places. Social geography examines how identities are created, expressed, negotiated, and transformed within different spatial settings. The spatial dimension of identity refers to the ways in which geographical spaces influence personal and collective identities while identities, in turn, shape the organization, meaning, and use of space. This relationship often gives rise to conflicts, contestation, and representation because different groups attach different meanings, rights, and claims to the same territory. Identity is influenced by factors such as ethnicity, religion, language, caste, gender, class, nationality, and region. These identities are embedded in particular landscapes and territories. A place becomes more than a physical location when it reflects the memories, traditions, beliefs, and cultural practices of its inhabitants. Sacred sites, heritage buildings, neighbourhoods, villages, and national boundaries all contribute to the formation of collective identity. For example, indigenous communities often regard forests and rivers as integral parts of their cultural identity rather than merely economic resources. Conflicts emerge when different groups claim ownership, control, or symbolic importance over the same geographical space. Territorial disputes between nations, ethnic conflicts, and struggles over urban neighbourhoods illustrate how identity and space are interconnected. The Israel–Palestine conflict demonstrates how historical, religious, and national identities are deeply tied to territory. Similarly, ethnic conflicts in regions such as the Balkans or parts of Africa have involved competing claims over land and political