Power relations and space in social geography refer to how power is embedded in spatial arrangements and how certain groups control, access, and shape spaces. Space is not neutral; it reflects social hierarchies, political authority, and economic dominance. Elites often occupy prime urban locations, while marginalized communities are pushed to peripheral or underdeveloped areas. Institutions such as the state, corporations, and social groups influence spatial organization, thereby reinforcing inequalities. Power is exercised through zoning laws, land ownership, surveillance, and infrastructural development, which determine who benefits from space and who is excluded. Class and identity are closely interlinked in shaping social and spatial experiences. Class, defined by economic position, influences access to resources, opportunities, and living conditions, while identity encompasses aspects such as caste, gender, ethnicity, and religion. In many societies, class and identity intersect to produce complex patterns of privilege and marginalization. For example, lower economic classes often belong to socially disadvantaged groups, leading to spatial segregation in housing, education, and employment. Social geography examines how these identities are expressed spatially, creating distinct neighborhoods, cultural enclaves, and patterns