Pre-Islamic Arabian society was predominantly tribal in nature, with the tribe serving as the fundamental social, political, and economic unit. Loyalty to the tribe was considered the highest virtue, and an individual's identity, protection, and status were derived from tribal membership. The absence of a strong central authority made tribal organization essential for maintaining order, resolving disputes, and ensuring security. Each tribe was led by a chief or Sheikh, whose authority depended on personal qualities such as courage, wisdom, generosity, and the consent of tribal members rather than absolute hereditary power. Arab society was divided into various social groups. At the top were the noble tribal families who enjoyed prestige, influence, and control over resources. Merchants, particularly in commercial cities like Mecca, formed an influential class due to their wealth gained from long-distance trade. Bedouins, the nomadic pastoral tribes inhabiting the deserts, were known for their independence, bravery, hospitality, and adherence to