Cyberspace has become an essential operational environment for modern facilities, organizations, and institutions, integrating communication systems, data storage, financial transactions, surveillance networks, and infrastructure management into interconnected digital platforms. While this digital transformation has improved efficiency and accessibility, it has simultaneously introduced numerous security vulnerabilities that threaten organizational safety, operational continuity, and information integrity. The most common security issues in cyberspace arise from technological weaknesses, human error, malicious intent, and inadequate security governance, making cybersecurity a critical component of facility safety and security management. One of the most prevalent security issues in cyberspace is unauthorized access, commonly known as hacking. Unauthorized individuals or groups attempt to gain entry into computer systems, networks, or databases without permission to steal information, manipulate systems, or disrupt operations. Facilities that rely on centralized control systems, such as access management, surveillance monitoring, or building automation systems, are particularly vulnerable. Weak passwords, outdated authentication mechanisms, and poorly configured networks often provide entry points for attackers, allowing them to bypass security controls and compromise sensitive infrastructure. Malware attacks represent another major threat within cyberspace. Malware refers to malicious software designed to infiltrate, damage, or control computer systems without user consent. Common forms include viruses, worms, spyware, trojans, and ransomware. In facility environments, malware can disable operational systems, corrupt security databases, or interfere with emergency response mechanisms. Ransomware attacks are especially dangerous because they encrypt organizational data and demand payment for restoration, potentially halting essential services such as healthcare facilities, transportation systems, or corporate operations. Malware often spreads through infected email attachments, compromised websites, or unauthorized software downloads. Phishing and social engineering attacks continue to be among the most successful cybersecurity threats due to their exploitation of human psychology rather than technical vulnerabilities. In phishing attacks, cybercriminals impersonate trusted entities through emails, messages, or fake websites to deceive users into revealing login credentials, financial information, or confidential data. Facility employees who unknowingly disclose access credentials may unintentionally grant attackers entry into security systems, internal communication platforms, or financial networks. Social engineering techniques such as pretexting, baiting, and impersonation highlight