Social Impact Assessment (SIA) is a systematic process used to identify, analyze, predict, evaluate, and manage the social consequences of planned projects, policies, programmes, or developmental interventions before their implementation. It examines how a proposed activity may affect the lives, livelihoods, culture, health, well-being, rights, and social relationships of individuals and communities. In Environmental Geography, SIA complements Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) by focusing on human dimensions of environmental change. While EIA primarily evaluates impacts on the physical and biological environment, SIA emphasizes the effects on society and aims to ensure that development is socially equitable, sustainable, and acceptable. The concept of SIA is based on the principle that development should improve the quality of life without causing unnecessary social disruption. Large infrastructure projects such as dams, highways, mining operations, industrial corridors, urban development schemes, and renewable energy projects often bring significant environmental and economic benefits, but they may also lead to displacement, loss of livelihoods, changes in land use, social conflicts, cultural erosion, and unequal distribution of benefits. SIA helps decision-makers identify such issues and develop measures to minimize adverse impacts while enhancing positive