India exhibits significant regional variations in health risks and vulnerabilities due to its diverse physical environment, climatic conditions, socio-economic disparities, population density, and unequal access to healthcare. Environmental geography provides an important framework to understand how natural and human-induced factors interact to shape disease patterns and health outcomes across different geographical regions. The Himalayan region is characterized by mountainous terrain, cold climate, and fragile ecosystems. Health risks in this region include respiratory diseases caused by low oxygen levels and cold temperatures, accidents due to landslides and avalanches, and water-borne diseases resulting from poor sanitation in remote settlements. Climate change has accelerated glacier melting, increasing the frequency of flash floods and affecting water security. Limited accessibility to healthcare services further enhances the vulnerability of local communities. The Indo-Gangetic Plain, one of the most densely populated regions in the world, experiences severe air and water pollution. High concentrations of particulate matter from industrial emissions, vehicular pollution, crop residue burning, and domestic fuel combustion contribute to