The concept of self refers to an individual’s understanding, perception, and awareness of their own identity, abilities, values, beliefs, emotions, and experiences. It represents how people view themselves and their relationship with society and the environment around them. The self develops through personal experiences, social interactions, cultural influences, and learning processes. A positive self-concept enables individuals to recognize their strengths, develop confidence, and participate effectively in sustainable social and environmental practices. In the context of sustainable development and environmental issues, the concept of self is important because human attitudes and behaviours influence the way natural resources are used and protected. An individual’s sense of responsibility, environmental awareness, and connection with nature shape their actions toward conservation and sustainable living. When people develop a broader understanding of themselves as part of an interconnected ecological system, they are more likely to adopt environmentally responsible behaviours such as reducing waste, conserving energy, and protecting biodiversity. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory was proposed by psychologist Abraham Maslow in 1943. The theory explains human motivation through a hierarchy of needs arranged