Sigmund Freud’s psycho-analytic theory is one of the most influential approaches to understanding human personality and behaviour. Freud proposed that human behaviour is largely influenced by unconscious psychological processes, early childhood experiences, instincts and unresolved conflicts. Although the theory was developed mainly to explain psychological behaviour, some of its ideas are also relevant to understanding human responses to social and environmental situations. According to Freud, the human mind has three levels of consciousness: the conscious, preconscious and unconscious. The conscious mind contains thoughts and experiences of which a person is currently aware. The preconscious consists of information that is not immediately present but can be brought into consciousness. The unconscious is the deepest level and contains repressed desires, memories, fears and impulses that strongly influence behaviour without the individual being fully aware of them. Freud also explained personality through three components: the id, ego and superego. The id is the primitive and instinctive part of personality. It operates according to the pleasure principle and seeks immediate satisfaction of desires. The ego develops as the individual interacts with reality and operates according to the reality principle. It attempts to balance the demands of the id with external