The Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) is a maritime zone established under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), 1982, which grants a coastal state special rights over the exploration, exploitation, conservation, and management of natural resources in the sea and seabed. The EEZ extends up to 200 nautical miles from the baseline, which is generally the low-water line along the coast. It represents a balance between the interests of coastal states and the principle of freedom of navigation enjoyed by all nations. Within the EEZ, the coastal state has sovereign rights for the purpose of exploring, exploiting, conserving, and managing both living and non-living resources. These include fisheries, marine plants, minerals, oil, natural gas, and renewable energy resources such as wind, wave, and tidal energy. The coastal state also has jurisdiction over the establishment of artificial islands, marine scientific research, and the protection and preservation of the marine environment. The EEZ differs from territorial waters. Territorial waters extend up to 12 nautical miles from the baseline, where the coastal state exercises complete sovereignty similar to its land territory. In contrast, the EEZ is not part of the sovereign territory of a