Human-environment interactions refer to the dynamic and reciprocal relationship between human societies and the natural environment. Humans depend on the environment for essential resources such as air, water, food, energy, minerals, and land. At the same time, human activities significantly influence environmental processes, ecosystems, and biodiversity. These interactions have evolved over time, from simple subsistence-based relationships in early societies to complex and large-scale modifications associated with industrialization, urbanization, and globalization. The relationship between humans and the environment is both dependent and transformative. The environment provides ecosystem services that support human survival and economic development. These services include provisioning services such as food, freshwater, timber, and medicinal plants; regulating services such as climate regulation, flood control, and pollination; supporting services like nutrient cycling and soil formation; and cultural services including recreation, spirituality, and aesthetic values. Human well-being is closely linked to the quality and sustainability of these ecosystem services. Historically, early human societies adapted themselves to natural conditions by following seasonal cycles, utilizing local resources, and maintaining relatively low ecological footprints. The advent of agriculture marked a significant shift, as humans began altering landscapes through irrigation, deforestation, and cultivation. The Industrial Revolution further intensified environmental modification through mechanized production, fossil fuel consumption, mining, and rapid urban expansion. Today, technological advancement has enabled humans to transform