Synthetic chemicals are artificially manufactured substances that are extensively used in agriculture, industries, healthcare, construction, textiles, food processing, and household products. These include pesticides, fertilizers, plastics, detergents, pharmaceuticals, industrial solvents, heavy metals, persistent organic pollutants (POPs), and various chemical additives. While synthetic chemicals have significantly contributed to economic development and improved living standards, their indiscriminate production, use, and disposal have resulted in serious environmental degradation and adverse health effects. One of the major environmental impacts of synthetic chemicals is the contamination of air, water, and soil. Industrial emissions release toxic gases such as sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and particulate matter, which contribute to air pollution, acid rain, and smog formation. Water bodies become polluted through industrial effluents, agricultural runoff containing pesticides and fertilizers, and untreated sewage carrying pharmaceutical residues. Soil quality deteriorates due to excessive use of agrochemicals, reducing microbial diversity, fertility, and long-term productivity. Synthetic chemicals also disrupt ecosystems by affecting biodiversity. Persistent organic pollutants such as DDT, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and dioxins remain in the environment for decades because they resist degradation. These chemicals accumulate in living organisms through bioaccumulation and become increasingly concentrated at higher trophic levels through biomagnification. As a result, birds, fish, mammals, and other wildlife experience reproductive failures, developmental abnormalities, and population decline. Excessive application of chemical fertilizers contributes to eutrophication in lakes and