Government refers to the formal institutions of the state that possess legal authority to make laws, implement policies, maintain public order, and deliver public services. It consists of constitutionally established bodies such as the legislature, executive, and judiciary, along with administrative agencies. Governance, on the other hand, is a broader concept that encompasses the processes, mechanisms, and interactions through which public affairs are managed. It involves not only government institutions but also private organizations, civil society, communities, international organizations, and citizens in decision-making, implementation, and accountability. The distinction between government and governance can be understood on several dimensions. Government is institution-centric, whereas governance is process-centric. Government derives its authority from the Constitution and laws, while governance depends on cooperation, participation, negotiation, and shared responsibility among multiple stakeholders. Government generally follows a hierarchical model of administration with top-down decision-making, whereas governance encourages horizontal coordination, partnerships, and collaborative decision-making. Government primarily focuses on exercising authority and delivering public services, while governance emphasizes efficiency, transparency, responsiveness, accountability, inclusiveness, and citizen participation. Government is limited to public institutions, whereas governance extends beyond the state to include non-governmental organizations, private enterprises, community-based organizations, media, and international agencies. Modern public systems management recognizes governance as a dynamic process of managing public resources and achieving societal goals through networks rather than solely through