Urbanization in developing countries has been a defining trend of the 21st century, driven largely by economic growth, rural-to-urban migration, and globalization. In countries like India, urbanization has accelerated rapidly over the past few decades, creating both opportunities and challenges for sustainable development. The trend is characterized by the growth of mega-cities, expansion of urban peripheries, and increased demand for infrastructure, housing, and services. Rapid urban growth often outpaces the capacity of cities to provide basic amenities, leading to the proliferation of informal settlements, traffic congestion, and environmental degradation. In India, the urbanization trend has been particularly striking. According to the latest census data and projections, the urban population is expected to cross 50% of the total population by the mid-21st century. Cities like Mumbai, Delhi, Bengaluru, and Kolkata have experienced explosive growth due to migration from rural areas, seeking better employment, education, and healthcare opportunities. This growth has resulted in the emergence of urban agglomerations, where metropolitan areas extend into adjoining towns and peri-urban regions, forming a