Classical and modern theories of urbanisation provide essential frameworks for understanding the growth, structure, and dynamics of cities. Classical theories emerged during the industrial revolution and early urban studies, focusing primarily on the patterns and causes of urban growth, while modern theories incorporate more complex socio-economic, technological, and environmental dimensions, often enhanced by tools like Geoinformatics for spatial analysis and planning. One of the earliest classical theories is the Concentric Zone Model proposed by Ernest Burgess in the 1920s. This model conceptualises the city as a series of concentric rings radiating from the central business district (CBD). The innermost ring represents the CBD, surrounded by transitional zones of mixed land use, working-class residential areas, and more affluent residential zones at the periphery. Burgess suggested that urbanisation occurs due to socio-economic differentiation, with wealthier groups moving outward and lower-income groups remaining near industrial areas. Geoinformatics today allows urban planners to map such zones accurately, assess land use patterns, and plan infrastructure accordingly. Another classical approach is the Sector Model introduced by Homer Hoyt in 1939. Hoyt argued that cities develop