Healthcare waste plays a significant role in influencing human health, both directly and indirectly. It includes all waste generated from healthcare facilities, research centers, laboratories, and home-based medical care. This waste can be broadly categorized into general (non-hazardous) waste and hazardous waste, which includes infectious waste, pathological waste, sharps, pharmaceutical waste, chemical waste, radioactive waste, and cytotoxic materials. From an Occupational Health and Safety perspective, healthcare waste represents a serious risk to healthcare workers, waste handlers, patients, and the wider community if it is not properly managed. One of the most critical impacts of healthcare waste on human health is the transmission of infectious diseases. Infectious waste, such as blood-soaked bandages, contaminated gloves, body fluids, and laboratory cultures, can contain harmful microorganisms including bacteria, viruses, and parasites. Healthcare workers, sanitation staff, and waste collectors are at high risk of exposure, especially when waste segregation and disposal practices are inadequate. Diseases such as hepatitis B, hepatitis C, HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and other blood-borne infections can be transmitted through direct contact with contaminated materials. Needle-stick injuries from improperly disposed sharps are particularly dangerous and represent a major occupational hazard in healthcare settings. Sharps waste, including needles, scalpels, blades, and broken glass, poses both physical and biological risks. Injuries caused by sharps can lead to immediate trauma and also create pathways for infectious agents to enter the body. Occupational Health and Safety guidelines emphasize the use of puncture-resistant containers, proper labeling, and safe disposal systems to prevent such injuries. Failure to follow these safety measures increases the risk of infection among healthcare workers and waste handlers, compromising their health and productivity. Chemical and pharmaceutical waste also significantly affect human health. Healthcare facilities use various chemicals such as disinfectants, solvents, heavy metals (like mercury from thermometers), and expired drugs. Improper disposal of these substances can lead to toxic exposure. Workers who handle such waste without adequate protective equipment may suffer from skin irritation, respiratory problems, poisoning, or long-term health effects such as organ damage. Cytotoxic drugs used in cancer treatment are particularly hazardous, as they can cause genetic mutations, reproductive problems, and even cancer in workers exposed to them over time. Occupational Health and Safety measures require safe storage, labeling, and disposal