Question
Discuss the existing legislation and policies in India for occupational health.
Answer :
Word Count : 989
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India has developed a wide framework of legislation and policies to safeguard occupational health and safety (OHS) across different sectors, reflecting the country’s commitment to protecting workers from workplace hazards and promoting their overall well-being. Occupational health legislation in India covers industrial workers, construction workers, miners, plantation laborers, dock workers, and employees in organized as well as unorganized sectors, although enforcement challenges remain. These laws aim to ensure safe working environments, prevent occupational diseases and injuries, provide compensation, and promote welfare measures. One of the most significant legislative developments is the Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions Code, 2020 (OSH Code), which consolidates and rationalizes 13 existing labor laws related to workplace safety, health, and working conditions. The OSH Code applies to establishments employing a certain threshold of workers in factories, mines, docks, plantations, construction, and other sectors. It emphasizes employer responsibility for maintaining a hazard-free workplace, conducting risk assessments, providing safety training, ensuring proper ventilation, sanitation, drinking water, and welfare facilities. The Code also provides for health examinations of workers, working hour regulations, appointment of safety officers in hazardous industries, and mechanisms for reporting accidents. By integrating multiple laws into a single framework, the Code seeks to simplify compliance and improve occupational health governance. Before the introduction of the OSH Code, the Factories Act, 1948 served as the cornerstone of occupational health legislation in India. This Act provided detailed provisions regarding workplace cleanliness, disposal of waste, ventilation, temperature control, dust and fumes management, lighting, drinking water, sanitation, and prevention of overcrowding. It also included measures for controlling hazardous processes, protecting workers from exposure to toxic substances, and ensuring medical examinations. Special provisions were included for women and young workers. Even though the OSH Code has subsumed
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