Discuss the key features of 74th Constitutional Amendment and its implementation.
The 74th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992, aimed to revitalize local governance in India by providing a constitutional status and framework for municipalities and local bodies. Envisioned as a means to decentralize power, promote citizen participation, and ensure effective delivery of services, it introduced significant changes to the structure and functioning of urban local governments. Let's delve into its key features and subsequent implementation:
### Key Features:
1. Constitutional Status to Urban Local Bodies (ULBs): The amendment conferred constitutional status to municipalities and included them in the 12th Schedule of the Constitution, outlining their powers, functions, and responsibilities.
2. Three-Tier Structure: It advocated for a three-tier structure – Municipal Corporation for larger cities, Municipalities for smaller urban areas, and Nagar Panchayats for transitional areas – ensuring representation at different urban levels.
3. Ward Committees: The Act recommended the formation of ward committees in municipalities to ensure local representation and participation in decision-making processes, especially concerning local issues.
4. Devolution of Powers and Functions: It mandated state governments to devolve powers, functions, and responsibilities to ULBs to enable them to function effectively, manage
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