Question
Discuss the ionization of weak electrolytes with suitable example.
Answer :
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The ionization of weak electrolytes refers to their partial dissociation into ions when dissolved in water. Unlike strong electrolytes, which completely ionize, weak electrolytes establish an equilibrium between the undissociated molecules and the ions formed. This behavior is crucial in bioanalytical techniques, where the degree of ionization affects the measurement of biological molecules, pH determination, and buffer preparation. A classic example of a weak electrolyte is acetic acid (CH₃COOH). When acetic acid dissolves in water, only a small fraction of molecules ionize to produce hydrogen ions (H⁺) and acetate ions (CH₃COO⁻). The ionization can be represented by the equilibrium
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