Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is an important analytical platform used in metabolomics to identify and quantify small-molecule metabolites present in biological samples. Metabolomics involves the comprehensive study of metabolites in cells, tissues, biofluids, or organisms and provides information about physiological and pathological states. GC-MS combines the separation capability of gas chromatography with the identification and structural characterization capability of mass spectrometry. In GC-MS-based metabolomics, the biological sample is first collected and metabolites are extracted using suitable solvents. Since GC requires compounds to be volatile and thermally stable, many polar and non-volatile metabolites are chemically derivatized before analysis. Derivatization commonly involves processes such as silylation, which increases volatility and improves chromatographic performance. The prepared sample is injected into the gas chromatograph, where compounds are separated according to their volatility and interaction with the stationary phase of the column. Each separated