Sexual violence against women is a serious violation of human rights and a manifestation of unequal gender relations rooted in patriarchal social structures. From the perspective of the Sociology of Gender, sexual violence is not merely an individual criminal act but a social phenomenon sustained by gender discrimination, unequal power relations, cultural stereotypes, and institutional inequalities. Legal measures play a crucial role in protecting women, punishing offenders, and promoting gender justice. In India, various constitutional provisions, criminal laws, and special legislations have been enacted and strengthened over time to address different forms of sexual violence. The Constitution of India provides the foundation for gender equality through Articles 14, 15, and 21. Article 14 guarantees equality before the law, Article 15 prohibits discrimination on the grounds of sex and allows the State to make special provisions for women, while Article 21 ensures the right to life and personal liberty, which includes the right to live with dignity and bodily integrity. These constitutional guarantees have guided the development of laws against sexual violence. The Indian Penal Code (IPC), now substantially replaced by the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS), has historically contained provisions criminalizing