Question
महिलाओं की अधीनता से आप क्या समझते हैं?
Answer :
Word Count : 670
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महिलाओं की अधीनता से तात्पर्य उस सामाजिक, आर्थिक, राजनीतिक और सांस्कृतिक स्थिति से है जिसमें महिलाओं को पुरुषों की तुलना में निम्न स्थान प्रदान किया जाता है तथा उनके अधिकारों, अवसरों, संसाधनों और निर्णय लेने की क्षमता पर प्रत्यक्ष या अप्रत्यक्ष रूप से नियंत्रण रखा जाता है। यह केवल व्यक्तिगत स्तर की असमानता नहीं है, बल्कि सामाजिक संस्थाओं, परम्पराओं, मान्यताओं तथा सत्ता-संबंधों द्वारा निर्मित और बनाए रखी गई संरचनात्मक व्यवस्था है। जेंडर समाजशास्त्र के अनुसार महिलाओं की अधीनता जैविक भिन्नताओं का परिणाम नहीं, बल्कि सामाजिक निर्माण (Social Construction) और पितृसत्तात्मक व्यवस्था का उत्पाद है। पितृसत्ता महिलाओं की अधीनता का सबसे प्रमुख आधार मानी जाती है। सिल्विया वाल्बी के अनुसार पितृसत्ता ऐसी सामाजिक व्यवस्था है जिसमें पुरुष महिलाओं पर प्रभुत्व स्थापित करते हैं तथा उनके श्रम, शरीर और संसाधनों पर नियंत्रण रखते हैं। परिवार, शिक्षा, धर्म, कानून, मीडिया तथा श्रम बाजार जैसी संस्थाएँ इस व्यवस्था को सुदृढ़ बनाती हैं। परिवार में पुरुष को मुखिया तथा
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