Masculinity is widely understood in sociology as a social construct rather than a fixed biological reality. While biological sex refers to physical characteristics, masculinity consists of socially and culturally defined expectations, values, behaviours, and identities associated with being male. These expectations differ across societies and historical periods, indicating that masculinity is shaped through socialization, institutions, power relations, and cultural norms rather than determined solely by biology. The social constructionist perspective argues that individuals learn masculinity through family, education, peer groups, religion, media, and workplace interactions. From childhood, boys are encouraged to display traits such as strength, courage, competitiveness, emotional restraint, and independence, while behaviours perceived as feminine are often discouraged. Through rewards and sanctions, societies reinforce acceptable forms of masculine behaviour, making masculinity appear natural even though it is socially produced. Gender socialization plays a central role in constructing masculinity. Parents often provide boys with toys associated with adventure, technology, or warfare, while discouraging emotional expression. Schools reinforce gender roles through sports, classroom interactions, and expectations regarding leadership and discipline. Peer groups further strengthen masculine norms by encouraging risk-taking, physical dominance, and heterosexual performance. Boys who deviate