The colonial period in India witnessed several important women's social reform movements that challenged oppressive customs and demanded greater rights and opportunities for women. Among these, the campaign against the practice of Sati stands out as one of the earliest and most influential social reform movements. It laid the foundation for future reforms concerning women's education, widow remarriage, inheritance rights, and gender equality. The movement reflected the combined efforts of Indian reformers and the colonial administration, although it also generated debates regarding social change and colonial intervention. Sati was a practice in which a widow was expected or forced to immolate herself on her husband's funeral pyre. Though not universally practiced across all communities, it existed in certain regions and among particular social groups. The custom was justified through religious interpretations, patriarchal traditions, and social pressures that valued female sacrifice and obedience. Widows who refused to commit Sati often faced social isolation, economic insecurity, and severe restrictions on their lives. The most prominent leader of the anti-Sati movement was Raja Ram Mohan Roy. Deeply influenced by rationalism, humanism, and the principles of social justice, he strongly criticized Sati as an inhuman and unjust practice. Roy argued that Hindu religious texts did not make Sati compulsory and that the custom was a distortion of true religious teachings. Through his writings, petitions, public debates, and