Manpower planning is the systematic process of determining an organisation’s future human resource requirements and ensuring that the right number of people, with the right skills, are available at the right time and place. In Managing Human Resources, manpower planning helps an organisation balance its present workforce with its future staffing needs. It also assists management in avoiding both shortages and surpluses of employees. The model of manpower planning generally consists of a series of interrelated stages. The first stage is the analysis of organisational objectives and plans. Human resource requirements depend largely on the organisation’s business strategy, production targets, expansion plans, technological changes and financial resources. Therefore, HR managers must understand the organisation’s future direction before estimating manpower requirements. The second stage is manpower demand forecasting. It involves estimating the number and types of employees that will be required in the future. Forecasting may consider factors such as expected sales, production volume, workload, productivity, technological development, employee turnover and organisational growth. Techniques such as managerial judgment, work-study analysis, ratio-trend analysis and statistical methods can be used for forecasting. The third stage is manpower supply forecasting. After estimating future demand, the organisation determines whether sufficient employees will be available. Internal supply is assessed