Fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas have played a significant role in the development of modern civilization by providing affordable and reliable energy for industries, transportation, and electricity generation. However, the extensive use of fossil fuels has caused serious environmental problems that threaten ecological balance and human health. The environmental impact of fossil fuels is mainly associated with air pollution, climate change, water contamination, land degradation, and biodiversity loss. One of the most significant environmental effects of fossil fuel consumption is air pollution. Burning fossil fuels releases harmful gases such as carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and particulate matter into the atmosphere. Carbon dioxide is a major greenhouse gas that contributes to global warming by trapping heat in the Earth’s atmosphere. Other pollutants like sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides are