Women’s participation in agriculture, industry and service sectors in India reflects the complex relationship between gender, economic development and livelihood opportunities. Women contribute significantly to the economy through both paid and unpaid work, although their contributions are often undervalued and inadequately recognized in macroeconomic measurements. Gender inequalities in access to land, credit, technology, education and decision-making continue to influence women’s roles across different sectors. Agriculture remains the largest sector employing rural women in India. According to various macroeconomic estimates, women constitute a significant proportion of the agricultural workforce, with a large number engaged as cultivators, agricultural labourers, livestock managers and workers involved in allied activities. The Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) data indicates that female labour force participation is considerably higher in rural areas compared to urban areas, largely because of women’s involvement in agriculture and allied activities.