Question
Describe various mechanisms for gastrointestinal absorption.
Answer :
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Gastrointestinal absorption is the process by which drugs pass from the gastrointestinal tract into the systemic circulation. The absorption of drugs occurs mainly through the stomach and small intestine. Various mechanisms are involved in this process depending upon the physicochemical properties of the drug and physiological conditions of the gastrointestinal tract. Passive diffusion is the most common mechanism of drug absorption. In this process, drugs move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration without expenditure of energy. Lipid-soluble and non-ionized drugs are readily absorbed through the cell membrane by this method. Passive diffusion may occur through transcellular or paracellular pathways. Facilitated
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