Research design is a systematic plan that guides the researcher in conducting a study effectively. It provides a framework for collecting, measuring, and analysing data to answer research questions. A well-prepared research design ensures that the study is conducted in an organized manner and that the findings are reliable, valid, and meaningful. The major steps involved in developing a research design are as follows. The first step of research design is the identification and formulation of the research problem. The researcher must clearly define the issue or area of investigation. A properly identified research problem helps in determining the objectives, scope, and direction of the study. The problem should be specific, researchable, and relevant to the field of study. The second step involves reviewing the existing literature related to the research topic. The researcher studies books, journals, reports, previous studies, and other sources to understand the current knowledge and identify gaps in existing research. Literature review