Question
Describe the phenomenon of duplicate genes with cumulative effect with suitable examples. How does this type of gene interaction modify the expected Mendelian ratio, and what phenotypic ratio is observed in the F₂ generation of such crosses?
Answer :
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Duplicate genes with cumulative effect refer to a type of gene interaction in which two or more non-allelic genes perform similar functions, but their effects are additive rather than identical. Each dominant allele contributes a definite and measurable amount to the phenotype, so the expression of the trait depends on the total number of dominant alleles present in the genotype. Unlike simple dominance, the presence of one dominant gene produces a partial effect, while the presence of both dominant genes produces a more intense or enhanced expression of the character. A classic example is kernel
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