Question

Compare non-viral vs. viral vectors in gene therapy, their advantages/disadvantages, and applications in treating cystic fibrosis, hemophilia, cancer, and dermatological disorders.

29 Jan 2026
Answer :
Word Count : 529
Gene therapy relies on efficient delivery systems to introduce therapeutic genes into target cells, broadly classified into viral and non-viral vectors. These two systems differ significantly in structure, efficiency, safety, and scope of application, influencing their suitability for treating genetic and acquired disorders such as cystic fibrosis, hemophilia, cancer, and dermatological diseases. Viral vectors are derived from genetically modified viruses such as adenovirus, adeno-associated virus (AAV), retrovirus, and lentivirus, in which pathogenic genes are removed and replaced with therapeutic DNA. Their major advantage lies in high transfection efficiency, as viruses have evolved natural mechanisms to enter host cells and deliver genetic material. Viral vectors can achieve stable or long-term gene expression, particularly integrating vectors like retroviruses and lentiviruses, which is beneficial for inherited disorders. However, they present
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