Interest groups are organized associations of individuals, organizations, or institutions that seek to influence public policy and governmental decisions in favor of specific interests, values, or objectives without directly contesting elections or assuming governmental power. They act as intermediaries between citizens and the state, representing the concerns of particular sections of society such as workers, farmers, industrialists, professionals, environmentalists, consumers, and minority communities. Unlike political parties, whose primary aim is to capture political power, interest groups aim to shape policy outcomes through advocacy, lobbying, public campaigns, expert advice, and negotiations with policymakers. The meaning of interest groups is closely linked with the concept of representation in democratic governance. They articulate demands, aggregate interests, communicate public opinion to the government, and provide specialized knowledge during policy formulation. In modern public policy, they play a significant role in ensuring that diverse social, economic, and cultural interests are reflected in governmental decisions. The nature of interest groups can be understood through several characteristics. They are voluntary organizations formed around common interests or objectives. Membership is generally based on shared occupational, economic, ideological, or social concerns. They function independently of the government, although they frequently interact with public authorities. Interest groups are issue-oriented rather than power-oriented and focus on influencing specific policy areas. Their methods include lobbying legislators, submitting policy recommendations, organizing demonstrations, filing public interest litigation, conducting awareness campaigns, mobilizing public opinion, and participating in consultations with government agencies. Interest groups may be formal or informal in structure. Formal groups possess defined organizational structures, constitutions, leadership, and financial resources, while informal groups emerge spontaneously around particular issues and may dissolve after