DNA fingerprinting, also known as DNA profiling, is a molecular technique used to identify individuals based on their unique DNA sequences. It exploits the fact that, except for identical twins, no two individuals have the exact same DNA. This uniqueness arises from variations in specific regions of the DNA, known as polymorphic regions, which can differ in length and sequence among individuals. These regions often include short tandem repeats (STRs) or variable number tandem repeats (VNTRs), which are highly repetitive DNA sequences scattered throughout the genome. The process of DNA fingerprinting begins with the extraction of DNA from biological samples such as blood, hair, skin cells, saliva, or semen. The quality and quantity of the DNA are crucial, as degraded or insufficient DNA can compromise the accuracy of the results. Once extracted, the DNA is digested using restriction enzymes, which cut the DNA at specific nucleotide sequences. This digestion produces fragments of varying lengths depending on the individual’s genetic makeup. After fragmentation, the DNA