Human Resource Management (HRM) is the systematic process of acquiring, developing, utilizing, maintaining, and retaining an organization’s human resources to achieve both individual and organizational objectives. It involves planning, recruitment, selection, training, performance appraisal, compensation, employee relations, and creating a supportive work environment. HRM recognizes employees as valuable assets and focuses on improving their skills, motivation, productivity, and overall contribution to the organization. Unlike traditional personnel management, HRM adopts a strategic approach by aligning human resource policies with organizational goals. The evolution of HRM can be traced through different stages of industrial and organizational development. In the early industrial period, management practices were mainly concerned with controlling workers and increasing production. Employees were viewed primarily as a source of labour rather than as individuals with skills, needs, and aspirations. The focus was on wage administration, discipline, and maintaining basic employment records. This stage was known as the welfare or personnel administration phase. The emergence of scientific management in the early twentieth century brought significant changes in labour management