Ecosystem-based management (EBM) is an integrated approach to natural resource management that aims to maintain the structure, functions, and processes of ecosystems while ensuring sustainable use of natural resources for present and future generations. Unlike conventional management, which often focuses on a single resource or species, EBM considers the entire ecosystem, including interactions among plants, animals, microorganisms, humans, and the physical environment. It recognizes that ecosystems are dynamic, interconnected, and influenced by both natural processes and human activities. The objective of EBM is to achieve ecological integrity, economic sustainability, and social well-being by balancing conservation with responsible resource utilization. One of the major components of EBM is biodiversity conservation. Biodiversity forms the foundation of healthy ecosystems by maintaining ecological balance, genetic diversity, and species interactions. Protecting habitats, endangered species, and ecological communities ensures ecosystem resilience against environmental disturbances. Another important component is ecosystem processes and functions. These include nutrient cycling, energy flow, water purification, pollination, soil formation, decomposition, and climate regulation. EBM seeks to preserve these natural processes because they support ecosystem productivity and provide valuable ecosystem services to society. Human dimensions constitute a vital component of EBM. Local communities, indigenous people, farmers, industries, governments, and other stakeholders are considered integral parts of ecosystems. Their knowledge, livelihoods, cultural values, and participation are incorporated into planning and decision-making to achieve socially acceptable management outcomes. Spatial and temporal scales are also